Comparison of Nutritional Status in Different Type of Exercises.

Background: Nutritional evaluation is necessary in training program for the athletes and general people. Objective: To determine the effect of different types of activities on nutritional status and to compare the nutritional status in people with four groups of activities: 1) national rowing athletes training using mixed aerobic and anaerobic exercises, 2) national bicycle athletes training using aerobic exercise, 3) regular exercise people, and 4) sedentary activities. Material and Method: 18 cases per group for a total of 72 participants were trained in techniques for accurately recorded dietary patterns by the interviewers. Dietary records were analyzed by using INMUCAL-N (WD 4.4) program. Body composition was measured. Results: Mean age were 21.89±5.83, 20.71±3.62, 25.05±7.09, and 20.83±2.09 years respectively. The body mass index among groups was not significantly different (mean 21.87±3.56 kg/m(2)). Sex was not different among groups. All participants had no known chronic or cardiovascular diseases. The athlete groups (Groups 1 and 2) had more total energy intake than the others. Group 2 had the highest percentage of fat contribution per day 37.99±6.06% of total energy per day, (p<0.05). The micro-nutrients by recommended daily allowance (RDA) was not adequate in all groups, including vitamin E (VE), Magnesium (Mg), and Selenium (Se), especially group 4 had not enough ferrous (Fe), vitamin B1 (B1), Niacin (B3), and vitamin C (VC). Conclusion: Several micro-nutrients intakes in all groups did not reach the recommended daily allowance (RDA), especially in females of all group and both sex in the sedentary activities group. The implications of these results for widely propagated sport nutrition are to control the dietary fat intake and increase the intake of fruits and vegetables. We suggest that both education and management of optimum intensity aerobic exercise and controlled dietary fat intake are essential to prevent cardiovascular diseases for the entire population including the training athletes.

The Effect of the Arm Swing on the Heart Rate of Non-Athletes.

BACKGROUND: The Arm Swing Exercise (ASE) is a style of alternative medicine. The ASE normally follows the pattern of swing forward 30 degrees and then swing backward 60 degrees for each swing. It is thought that practicing the ASE can improve musculoskeletal performance. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were: 1) to compare the difference in mean number of arm swings, heart rates and energy expenditures between the groups, 2) To examine the effect of basic characteristics and number of arm swing on heart rates and energy expenditures in Thai people. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This practice attracted researchers to study the benefits of the ASE in various groups. The ASE pattern was modified to swing forward 90 degrees and swing backward 60 degrees in this research study. The ASE was performed in three age groups of Thai people without diseases: 1) 18-25 years old, n = 25 2) 26-35 years old, n = 25 and 3) 36-55 years old, n = 25 sample of all cases were drawn from volunteers. The instrument utilized was heart rate monitor. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANO VA, correlation and multiple regression. RESULTS: The findings revealed that Thai people's mean heart rates, number of arm swings and energy expenditures were significantly different in each group at p-value = 0.05 (F = 5.757, 5.250 and 3.196, p-value = 0.005, 0.007 and 0.47, respectively) with statistical significance at p-value = 0.05 in each group. The basic characteristics in the population groups found that body weight, age and number of arm swings affected heart rate (t = 2.5 75, 2.341 and 2.058, p-value = 0.012, 0.022 and 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although ASE is a light intensity exercise, if done 30 minutes every day, ASE will improve efficacy of the cardiovascular system.